Many engineers like you face the challenge of integrating battery systems into electric transportation platforms: you must balance energy density and modular design, mitigate thermal runaway and electrical hazards, and maximize range, lifetime, and reliability through disciplined system architecture, BMS strategy, mechanical packaging, and comprehensive validation testing. Types of Battery Systems System Key characteristics Lithium-ion High energy density (≈150-260 Wh/kg for NMC/NCA; LFP ≈90-160